Did you know that Rowing first originated not as a sport, but as a means of transport in the ancient cultures of Egypt, Greece and Rome? An Egyptian funerary inscription of 1430 BC records that the warrior Amenhotep (Amenophis) II was also renowned for his feats of oarsmanship. In the Aeneid, Virgil mentions rowing forming part of the funeral games arranged by Aeneas in honor of his father. In the 13th century, Venetian festivals called regata included boat races among others. It was also used in warfare, since superiority in the water was a sure way to win a war. The Athenians, for example, frequently won because their warships would ram enemy ships at great speed!

In the 1700s, rowing became popular with ordinary folk, and with watermen racing down the Thames in barges. The first known ‘modern’ rowing races began from competition among the professional watermen that provided ferry and taxi service on the River Thames in London. Prizes for wager races were often offered by the London Guilds and Livery Companies or wealthy owners of riverside houses. During the Nineteenth Century these races were to become numerous and popular, attracting large crowds. Prize matches amongst professionals similarly became popular on other rivers throughout Great Britain in the Nineteenth Century, notably on the Tyne. The oldest surviving such race, Doggett's Coat and Badge was first contested in 1715 and is still held annually from London Bridge to Chelsea. In America, the earliest known race dates back to 1756 in New York, when a pettiauger defeated a Cape Cod whaleboat in a race.



Amateur competition in England began towards the end of the Eighteenth Century. Documentary evidence from this period is sparse, but it is known that the Monarch Boat Club of Eton College and the Isis Club of Westminster School were both in existence in the 1790s. The Star Club and Arrow Club in London for gentlemen amateurs were also in existence before 1800. At the University of Oxford bumping races were first organized in 1815 when Brasenose College and Jesus College boat clubs had the first annual race while at Cambridge the first recorded races were in 1827. Brasenose won Oxford University's first Head of the River and claim to be the oldest established boat club in the world. The Boat Race between Oxford University and Cambridge University first took place in 1829, and was the second intercollegiate sporting event (following the first Varsity Cricket Match by 2 years). The interest in the first Boat Race and subsequent matches led the town of Henley to begin hosting an annual regatta in 1839.


Founded in 1818, Leander Club is the world's oldest public rowing club. The second oldest club which still exists is the Der Hamburger und Germania Ruder Club which was founded 1836 and marked the beginning of rowing as an organized sport in Germany. During the Nineteenth Century, as in England, wager matches in North America between professionals became very popular attracting vast crowds. The Detroit Boat Club was established as the first rowing exclusive club in 1839 in the US. In 1843, the first American college rowing club was formed at Yale University. The Harvard-Yale Regatta is the oldest intercollegiate sporting event in the United States, having been contested every year since 1852 (excepting interruptions for wars).

Rowing in the United States began in New York, and it continued to be a center of rowing activity until the 1950s. Today, Philadelphia and Boston are the two major American cities on the rowing map, with long, noble histories.

Baron Coubertin had a special liking for Rowing, and it was one of the original Olympic sports. Bad weather, however, postponed its scheduled debut at Athens in 1896, so its first appearance was at the 1900 Olympics. Women’s Rowing debuted at the 1976 Montreal Games.


References:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowing_(sport)#History
http://www.chevroncars.com/learn/sports/history-rowing